Generic trademarks: from Aspirin to aspirin
On April 12, 2010 in General
Lotrisone For Sale Propecia Generic Buy Inderal Online Amoxil Without Prescription Prevacid No Prescription Zyban For Sale Clarinex Generic Buy Zyban Online Lipitor Without Prescription Neurontin No PrescriptionAcetylsalicylic acid(ASA) is a drug in the family of salicylates.It finds use as an analgesic , antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. It is also used as an anticoagulant and to prevent heart attacks. In 1897 Felix Hoffmann , an employee of Bayer company synthesized the first stable form of acetylsalicylic acid. On August 1, 1898, Bayer applied for a patent in the United States for acetyl salicylic acid. The patent(US644077) was issued on February 27, 1900. The annual global consumption is more than 100 billion units of aspirin tablets making it a wonder drug across centuries.
Initially Aspirin was sold in the form of powder to manufacturing chemists, retail druggists or to physicians under its trademark Aspirin which was registered in Germany in 1899.Later Bayer switched to the tablet version.Bayer began selling huge quantities of Aspirin in the powder form to the wholesale chemist .The product under the trademark was largely advertised in technical journals which clearly identified the manufacture of Aspirin to the Bayer Company but the advertisements never reached the common public.The tablet would be manufactured by the wholesalers from the powder supplied by Bayer and sold it to retailers under the name ‘Aspirin’ and there was no mention of Bayer on the labels.Wholesalers rather added their initials or names along with Aspirin.Over a period of time the drug was used on self medication and became a huge success.During this period Bayer had addressed the product as trademark only to the wholesalers,doctors and retailers while the general public continued to be ignorant of Aspirin being a trademark of Acetylsalicylic acid.
Realizing the mistake,Bayer in 1915 , directly supplied the tablet to the chemists under the label ‘Bayer– Tablets of Aspirin.This was suicidal as the label meant that Bayer itself acknowledged the meaning that the word had acquired, as tablets of Aspirin meant that the tablets were Bayers make of Aspirin.Bayer’s attempt to educate the public through advertisements,pamphlets did not make a difference among the consumer public.
To add to Bayer’s woes, it was forced to give up its trademark rights in Aspirin and another drug Herion(also became generic) as part of war reparations specified in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles following Germany’s surrender after World War I.This was effected in France,Russia,US and UK.After this Sterling products,Inc. purchased Bayer from Alien property custodian in December 1918 for approx.$5310000.Thus it got the right to use Bayer as a tradename across US.Even Sterling after it took over from Bayer could not prevent Aspirin from being declared generic in a judgement in Bayer Co. v. United Drug Co., 272 F. 505 (S.D.N.Y. 1921) case.
The judge held that buyers merely understood that the word ‘Aspirin’ meant a kind of drug and nothing more than that.They did not seem to differentiate whether they came from a single source or more.The Judge explained that there were two kinds of Buyers.One is the manufacturing chemists,retailers and physician who could relate Aspirin to Bayer and the other is the consumer public who could only understand the name by the kind of goods(a painkiller) sold and knew nothing of Bayer.The consumer never heard the name ‘acetylsalicylic acid’ as applied to Aspirin.Thus he held that Aspirin were generic and the plaintiff(Bayer) could not say that, when the defendant uses the word, he is taking away customers who wanted to deal with him.He gave injunction against using the word ‘Aspirin’ only to the wholesale selling of the drug under the name Aspirin to the manufacturing chemists as this class of buyers were aware of the history of Aspirin and hence hamper Bayers trade in the business.
However, Aspirin remains a registered trademark of Bayer in Germany, Canada, Mexico, and in over 80 other countries while ‘aspirin’ is a generic word in Australia, France, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States
Interestingly, in 1944, 77 years after losing its American property, Bayer AG bought sterling drug and once again is the owner of the name in US.
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